The impact of urban green spaces on the probability of urban crime in Indonesia

Does the presence of green spaces in urban environments reduce probability crime? This paper applies difference-in-differences approach to quantify impact on crime occurrence using data from three largest metropolitan areas Indonesia. Specifically, study employs wards level Village Potential Census (PODES) 2014 and 2018 collected by Indonesia Statistics. Estimation results indicate a negative significant new at level. Results are reversed for those that lost spaces, indicating an increase when decrease. remain qualitatively unchanged with inclusion regional dummies other control variables differences, which indicates robustness our findings. By providing evidence access nature has mitigating settings, city governments communities empowered support these interventions.